使用 Lighthouse 构建 GraphQL 服务器的入门，从零开始为一个简单博客创建 GraphQL API
1、使用 Lighthouse 构建 GraphQL 服务器的入门。参考网址：https://lighthouse-php.cn/tutorial/
2、从零开始为一个简单博客创建 GraphQL API。通过 Composer 创建一个新的 Laravel 项目：lighthouse-tutorial
PS E:\wwwroot> composer create-project laravel/laravel lighthouse-tutorial
Creating a "laravel/laravel" project at "./lighthouse-tutorial"
Installing laravel/laravel (v8.6.10)
- Installing laravel/laravel (v8.6.10): Extracting archive
Created project in E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial
> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"
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70 package suggestions were added by new dependencies, use `composer suggest` to see details.
Package swiftmailer/swiftmailer is abandoned, you should avoid using it. Use symfony/mailer instead.
Generating optimized autoload files
> Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
> @php artisan package:discover --ansi
Discovered Package: facade/ignition
Discovered Package: fruitcake/laravel-cors
Discovered Package: laravel/sail
Discovered Package: laravel/sanctum
Discovered Package: laravel/tinker
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Package manifest generated successfully.
77 packages you are using are looking for funding.
Use the `composer fund` command to find out more!
> @php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-assets --ansi --force
No publishable resources for tag [laravel-assets].
Publishing complete.
> @php artisan key:generate --ansi
Application key set successfully.
3、创建数据库：lighthouse_tutorial，配置 .env 中的数据库连接。运行数据库迁移以创建 users 表
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial> php artisan migrate Migration table created successfully. Migrating: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table (42.37ms) Migrating: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table (36.39ms) Migrating: 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table Migrated: 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table (40.11ms) Migrating: 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table Migrated: 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table (53.85ms)
4、在数据库中植入一些假的用户数据。factory(‘App\User’, 10)->create(); 在 Laravel 8 已经不可用。需要使用 User::factory()->count(10)->create();。如图1
图1
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial> php artisan tinker
Psy Shell v0.10.12 (PHP 7.4.27 — cli) by Justin Hileman
>>> factory('App\User', 10)->create();
PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function factory() in Psy Shell code on line 1
>>> App\Factory('App\User', 10)->create();
PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined function App\Factory() in Psy Shell code on line 1
>>> User::factory()->count(50)->create();
[!] Aliasing 'User' to 'App\Models\User' for this Tinker session.
=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#3581
all: [
App\Models\User {#3585
name: "Ashton Tremblay",
email: "letha42@example.net",
email_verified_at: "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
#password: "$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi",
#remember_token: "k1o1mrmP7o",
updated_at: "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
created_at: "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
id: 1,
},
App\Models\User {#3592
name: "Rene Powlowski",
email: "hkovacek@example.org",
email_verified_at: "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
#password: "$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi",
#remember_token: "64Cl19QXs3",
updated_at: "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
created_at: "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
id: 2,
},
...
],
}
>>>
5、安装 Lighthouse，将使用 Lighthouse 作为 GraphQL 服务器。
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial> composer require nuwave/lighthouse Using version ^5.35 for nuwave/lighthouse ./composer.json has been updated Running composer update nuwave/lighthouse Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies Lock file operations: 5 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals - Locking haydenpierce/class-finder (0.4.3) - Locking laragraph/utils (v1.1.1) - Locking nuwave/lighthouse (v5.35.0) - Locking thecodingmachine/safe (v1.3.3) - Locking webonyx/graphql-php (v14.11.3) Writing lock file Installing dependencies from lock file (including require-dev) Package operations: 5 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals - Downloading nuwave/lighthouse (v5.35.0) - Installing webonyx/graphql-php (v14.11.3): Extracting archive - Installing thecodingmachine/safe (v1.3.3): Extracting archive - Installing laragraph/utils (v1.1.1): Extracting archive - Installing haydenpierce/class-finder (0.4.3): Extracting archive - Installing nuwave/lighthouse (v5.35.0): Extracting archive 6 package suggestions were added by new dependencies, use `composer suggest` to see details. Package swiftmailer/swiftmailer is abandoned, you should avoid using it. Use symfony/mailer instead. Generating optimized autoload files > Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump > @php artisan package:discover --ansi Discovered Package: facade/ignition Discovered Package: fruitcake/laravel-cors Discovered Package: laravel/sail Discovered Package: laravel/sanctum Discovered Package: laravel/tinker Discovered Package: nesbot/carbon Discovered Package: nunomaduro/collision Discovered Package: nuwave/lighthouse Package manifest generated successfully. 79 packages you are using are looking for funding. Use the `composer fund` command to find out more! > @php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-assets --ansi --force No publishable resources for tag [laravel-assets]. Publishing complete. PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial>
6、使用 Altair GraphQL Client 作为 GraphQL 查询的 IDE (在线调试工具)。它就好像 GraphQL 专用的 Postman，拥有很多神奇的功能。在 Chrome 浏览器的网上应用商店中搜索：GraphQL，排名第一的就是。如图2
图2
7、将默认模式发布到 graphql/schema.graphql。报错：No publishable resources for tag [schema].
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial> php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Nuwave\Lighthouse\LighthouseServiceProvider" --tag=schema No publishable resources for tag [schema]. Publishing complete. PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial>
8、建议参考英文的最新文档：https://lighthouse-php.com/tutorial 。将默认模式发布到 graphql/schema.graphql。发布完成。
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial> php artisan vendor:publish --tag=lighthouse-schema Copied File [\vendor\nuwave\lighthouse\src\default-schema.graphql] To [\graphql\schema.graphql] Publishing complete. PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial>
9、在 Nginx 中配置虚拟主机：lighthouse-tutorial.local 。在 Altair GraphQL Client 中打开网址：http://lighthouse-tutorial.local/graplql 。如图3
图3
server {
listen 80;
server_name lighthouse-tutorial.local;
root E:/wwwroot/lighthouse-tutorial/public;
access_log logs/lighthouse-tutorial.local.access.log;
error_log logs/lighthouse-tutorial.local.error.log;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";
index index.php;
charset utf-8;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
location = /robots.txt { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
error_page 404 /index.php;
location ~ \.php$ {
# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ /\.(?!well-known).* {
deny all;
}
}
请求：
query{
user(id: 1){
id
name
email
created_at
updated_at
}
}
响应：
{
"data": {
"user": {
"id": "1",
"name": "Ashton Tremblay",
"email": "letha42@example.net",
"created_at": "2022-01-12 05:51:41",
"updated_at": "2022-01-12 05:51:41"
}
}
}
10、为我们的 posts 和 comments 定义模型和迁移。运行迁移。将 posts 模型添加到 app/User.php。
11、The Schema，修改 graphql/schema.graphql 并根据我们创建的有说服力的模型来定义我们的 posts 的模式。我们添加了两个用于查询文章到 Query 类型的最后面。 @all 返回所有内容的列表 Post 模型 。 @find 和 @eq 是通过其 ID 组合检索单个 Post。我们还可以通过添加额外的类型定义，明确定义我们的数据模型。如图4
图4
"A date string with format `Y-m-d`, e.g. `2011-05-23`."
scalar Date @scalar(class: "Nuwave\\Lighthouse\\Schema\\Types\\Scalars\\Date")
"A datetime string with format `Y-m-d H:i:s`, e.g. `2018-05-23 13:43:32`."
scalar DateTime @scalar(class: "Nuwave\\Lighthouse\\Schema\\Types\\Scalars\\DateTime")
type Query {
users: [User!]! @paginate(defaultCount: 10)
user(id: ID @eq): User @find
posts: [Post!]! @all
post(id: Int! @eq): Post @find
}
type User {
id: ID!
name: String!
email: String!
created_at: DateTime!
updated_at: DateTime!
posts: [Post!]! @hasMany
}
type Post {
id: ID!
title: String!
content: String!
author: User! @belongsTo
comments: [Comment!]! @hasMany
}
type Comment {
id: ID!
reply: String!
post: Post! @belongsTo
}
12、最终测试，在你的数据库中插入一些假数据，你可以使用 Laravel seeders 来完成。编辑模型工厂文件：database/factories/PostFactory.php、database/factories/CommentFactory.php。
database/factories/PostFactory.php
<?php
namespace Database\Factories;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use App\Models\Post;
class PostFactory extends Factory
{
protected $model = Post::class;
/**
* Define the model's default state.
*
* @return array
*/
public function definition()
{
$sentence = $this->faker->sentence();
return [
'author_id' => rand(1, 100),
'title' => $sentence,
'content' => $this->faker->text(),
];
}
}
database/factories/CommentFactory.php
<?php
namespace Database\Factories;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
use App\Models\Comment;
class CommentFactory extends Factory
{
protected $model = Comment::class;
/**
* Define the model's default state.
*
* @return array
*/
public function definition()
{
return [
'post_id' => rand(1, 100),
'reply' => $this->faker->sentence(),
];
}
}
13、完成数据工厂的定制后，接下来我们开始书写填充部分。编辑数据填充文件：database/seeders/UsersTableSeeder.php、database/seeders/PostsTableSeeder.php、database/seeders/CommentsTableSeeder.php。
database/seeders/UsersTableSeeder.php
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use App\Models\User;
class UsersTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Seed the application's database.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
User::factory()->count(100)->create();
}
}
database/seeders/PostsTableSeeder.php
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use App\Models\Post;
class PostsTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Seed the application's database.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
Post::factory()->count(100)->create();
}
}
database/seeders/CommentsTableSeeder.php
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use App\Models\Comment;
class CommentsTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Seed the application's database.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
Comment::factory()->count(100)->create();
}
}
14、注册数据填充。编辑 database/seeders/DatabaseSeeder.php
<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
/**
* Seed the application's database.
*
* @return void
*/
public function run()
{
$this->call(UsersTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(PostsTableSeeder::class);
$this->call(CommentsTableSeeder::class);
}
}
15、执行数据填充命令：php artisan migrate:refresh –seed，报错：Call to undefined method App\Models\Post::factory()。如图5
图5
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial> php artisan migrate:refresh --seed
Rolling back: 2022_01_12_062416_create_comments_table
Rolled back: 2022_01_12_062416_create_comments_table (16.76ms)
Rolling back: 2022_01_12_062104_create_posts_table
Rolled back: 2022_01_12_062104_create_posts_table (8.20ms)
Rolling back: 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table
Rolled back: 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table (9.17ms)
Rolling back: 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table
Rolled back: 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table (8.87ms)
Rolling back: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
Rolled back: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table (9.72ms)
Rolling back: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
Rolled back: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table (7.01ms)
Migrating: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table (28.61ms)
Migrating: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table (31.30ms)
Migrating: 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table
Migrated: 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table (31.69ms)
Migrating: 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table
Migrated: 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table (39.67ms)
Migrating: 2022_01_12_062104_create_posts_table
Migrated: 2022_01_12_062104_create_posts_table (17.16ms)
Migrating: 2022_01_12_062416_create_comments_table
Migrated: 2022_01_12_062416_create_comments_table (20.25ms)
Seeding: Database\Seeders\UsersTableSeeder
Seeded: Database\Seeders\UsersTableSeeder (1,839.80ms)
Seeding: Database\Seeders\PostsTableSeeder
BadMethodCallException
Call to undefined method App\Models\Post::factory()
at E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Support\Traits\ForwardsCalls.php:71
67▕ * @throws \BadMethodCallException
68▕ */
69▕ protected static function throwBadMethodCallException($method)
70▕ {
➜ 71▕ throw new BadMethodCallException(sprintf(
72▕ 'Call to undefined method %s::%s()', static::class, $method
73▕ ));
74▕ }
75▕ }
• Bad Method Call: Did you mean App\Models\Post::author() ?
1 E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Support\Traits\ForwardsCalls.php:36
Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model::throwBadMethodCallException("factory")
2 E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model.php:2132
Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model::forwardCallTo(Object(Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder), "factory", [])
PS E:\wwwroot\lighthouse-tutorial>
16、编辑数据模型文件，app/Models/Post.php、app/Models/Comment.php，引入 HasFactory。
app/Models/Post.php
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
class Post extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
public function author(): BelongsTo
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'author_id');
}
public function comments(): HasMany
{
return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
}
}
app/Models/Comment.php
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
class Comment extends Model
{
use HasFactory;
public function post(): BelongsTo
{
return $this->belongsTo(Post::class);
}
}
17、执行数据填充成功后，访问 /graphql 并尝试以下的查询。获取到数据库中所有 posts 的列表，以及全部 comments 和 user 的 name。符合预期。如图6
图6
请求：
query {
posts {
id
title
author {
name
}
comments {
id
reply
}
}
}
响应：
{
"data": {
"posts": [
{
"id": "1",
"title": "Optio earum deserunt fuga qui quia hic.",
"author": {
"name": "Mrs. Lottie Kuhlman IV"
},
"comments": []
},
{
"id": "2",
"title": "Soluta eius quisquam consequatur accusantium distinctio minima.",
"author": {
"name": "Otilia Marvin"
},
"comments": []
},
{
"id": "3",
"title": "Unde harum commodi rerum nam dolores vel eligendi.",
"author": {
"name": "Alfreda Crooks"
},
"comments": [
{
"id": "14",
"reply": "Laborum exercitationem odit voluptas cumque adipisci."
}
]
},
{
"id": "4",
"title": "Praesentium iste nisi aut reprehenderit aliquam.",
"author": {
"name": "Hassan Goyette MD"
},
"comments": []
},
{
"id": "5",
"title": "Atque illo consequatur eveniet.",
"author": {
"name": "Estevan Mann"
},
"comments": []
},
{
"id": "6",
"title": "Praesentium et eaque soluta.",
"author": {
"name": "Prof. Rosalia Cartwright Sr."
},
"comments": [
{
"id": "5",
"reply": "Omnis doloremque tempore ut laboriosam nihil."
}
]
},
{
"id": "7",
"title": "Assumenda consequatur quo perspiciatis reiciendis.",
"author": {
"name": "Nestor Bauch"
},
"comments": [
{
"id": "70",
"reply": "Error quia natus inventore aliquid praesentium et."
}
]
},
{
"id": "8",
"title": "Nesciunt eos enim minus ipsa non sed minus.",
"author": {
"name": "Reggie Batz"
},
"comments": [
{
"id": "22",
"reply": "Magnam et cum reiciendis et."
}
]
},
{
"id": "9",
"title": "In et quasi dolorem aliquam nemo sequi.",
"author": {
"name": "Carroll Cartwright"
},
"comments": [
{
"id": "73",
"reply": "Cumque harum id officiis eum cumque."
}
]
},
{
"id": "10",
"title": "Consequatur modi enim fugit ut eos.",
"author": {
"name": "Kiley Connelly"
},
"comments": [
{
"id": "71",
"reply": "Aut harum fuga quos veniam quia perspiciatis."
},
{
"id": "90",
"reply": "Harum unde debitis sunt sint tenetur temporibus voluptates."
}
]
},
...
]
}
}
18、随机选择 posts 的 id 等于 10 的数据验证，响应与数据库中一致。如图7
图7
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